Apparatus for hardening and tempering.



W. E. NICKERSON.

' APPARATUS FOR HARDENING AND TEMPERING.

APPLICATION FILED MAY 26, 1904.

Patented May 2, 1911.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

Qbbcrzma GNU May 2, 1912 2 SHEETS-SETH AIIPARA'PUS FOB HARDENI NG AND TEMPEEIYFG.

AZELIUATIO'N FILED MAY 2%, REG-2.

' section on the line I moved in front of said discliarg'o openings OF CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSEEETS, ASSIG'H'OEKJ TE;

CF BO$TC=N, IvIBfiSACHUSETTS, [3. USE

R-PP..33.TUS FOR HARDENING TEIiIIEH-ING,

finalisation filed Ma 26. 1904 It I! To all whom it Witty concern-s Be it known that i \VILLEAM l liic'iinn- 5 sort. a citizen of ha .i niioil alias. and rosiiionl of 2\iil ?ll(,l in the county of Iiliilillcsax and r latuot Massaclmwtl have invente-il new and useful inmrow nails in Apparatus for v iariloning and 'loniporing. of which the iolloii'ing' a spacilicai'ion,

My ini'o Lion intended to provide an apparatus b moans i vli' :h articles to be hardened may be oonvonii-ntly and alloctively subjected lo the powerful chilling aution oi" a con-ant of cold" waior or the lllfl, a tier having been properly lioaiodw The embodiment or my invention heroin illustrated and doscribd particnli-irly adapted for inn-cloning simultaneously a coi'isiilorablo nnmbor of thin, fiat shoots or leaves of steel, such blanks for the blades; employed the sa'loiy razor shown and do scribod'in ll. 55. Letters Patent l lo. TLSJEH granted on thov 15th day of Novvlnher 1904:, on the applii'zation of King: 0. Gillette.

in carrying out any invention I employ a tank or other source of Water supply ha ving or loading to one or more discharge openings, and provided with suitable flow-controlling;- moans for governing tho discharge of the chilling mmlhnmhnd in oonneotion l-lnarewiili I provide a frame adapted to'oarry tho artiolos to be hardened and mounted in such manner that said articles may be and withdrawn therefrom at will.

My apparatus also includes a ho lder in which the articles to be tempt-red inay be either to the chilling sociirod and subjected of a tempering bat-b.

action or to the action after being liari'lsnad.

apparatus in its bretorred ifori'n is illi' rated in the accompanying drawings, in whioli- Figaro 1 is a frontalovation of the ap paratus with. a portion thereof broken away; Fig .2 is a central Vertical sootion tliroiigl'i the avatar portion of the same, viewed at right angles with respect to tl18pOSii3iOI1' shown in Fig. l; is a detail transverse. ssotion taken on the line a3-w in Fig. 2; Fin: 4 is a side. elevation and partial section of my l-frai'ne and lioldan showing also a inmiber of bl; h s suoli as above referred to, senor-s ll in the holder. 11g. is a transverse y;/-- in Fig. 4:; Fig. 6 is l futon to Serial No. 209,967.

a doiail View illi'isiraling a latch here nafter ilosorilicd; Fig. 'i is a top plan ViE-W; and Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the holds? shown in Fig. i: Fig. is a plan VlflW of a lo :l;- irgz \i'edgo ln'riroinafior describeiili loiorring to the drawings, 2 roprosenls tank adaptodj'o contain a suilioient quaint of cold Water lo acvoniplisl tlia (ZBSlTJELl on ling action. and -5 ra ses ants second iz-anlc located at a lower alevation than the tank liloans are proforably priiitldod for nnnping n'aior fi'oi the lower tank to tho nppor tanl-z, such as pipes l and leading; through a pnnip 6, but it will be understood that any other convenient source of i'ia ter supply might ho snbstitnteiil for the tank From the lower portion of the tank leads a largo pipe '4" tho liow L'l11 ')11f,l1 which is controlled by a valve 5, this pipe and the ianl; from which it loads being" shoii'n supported by a strong bracket 5) which may be bol'iod tothowall at a room and to which said pipe 7 is clamped. The imiertanlt 3 assmnml to stand directly upon ill-o floor, and within this tank is located a supporting bracket 10 carrying a pairv oi. laterallj bzitending hollow heads 11. These heads 11111: be cast in one piece, and the channols 12 provided by their hollow interiors diverge from, a ventral chamber into which leads the lower end of the pipe 7. The channels- 12 this form outlets for the wateradmittod to said pipe from 't'm. tankQ, and tormina'te at their outer ends in discharge openings which are arranged to faceloach other with an open space between them and to deliver fluid in fixed vertical paths.

14 represents av carrier frame, which forms a distinct pern'ianent, and coopewai'ing olement of the organized I'flzlclllfl16 havi fixed and determined traverse 0i: patn. movement relative to the other instramen' 'balitis, and which is so mounted that it may be lowered into position betwean the dis charge outlets above referred to or raised above the top of the tank, as (iQSllBfL This frame 1% is mpresontod as raotangalar, thus providing a central open portion 15, and is inonnted to slide on guiding rods 16 and which extend vertically upward from the support 10 to an arm 18 forming a part of the bracket The said guiding rods form fixed controlling and directing means for the frame 14, so that, as herein. shown, it

moves in a vertical path parallel and at intervals coincident with the path of fluid discharged from the channels 12. By preferer-ce said frame is connected with a weight 1!. through the medium of a cord passing over a pulley 21, said weight being suflicient to slightly overbalance the frame when empty.- 1 p The valve 8 is provided with suitable operating means such as a lever 22 pivotally supported at the top of the tank? and con nected at one end with the valve by a rod 23. For actuating this lever I have shown it as "the rod provided at its outer end with a depending rod 24 on which a collar. 25 is rigidly clamped, which collar carries one or more weights 26 the effect of which is sufficient to lift and open the valve 8 whenever such movement .is permitted. For holding the .valve closed I adapted to engage a notch 28 cut in the provide a spring latch 27 guided lower portion of the rod 2 1 when the valve is closed. When this latch is operated to release the rod 24:,the weights 26 will fall and open the valve 8, and to close said valve 24 is lifted by hand into the position shown in the drawings.

29 represents a removable holder of any type suitable to the needs of the work for receiving the article or. articles to be hardened or tempered, and in the present instance is preferably made of copper and conbest shown in Fig. 5.

.Each of the openings in the holder 29 is of such shape and hassuch dimensions that it will receive a stack 33 of blades such as hereinbefore referred to and expose the faces of the stack on opposite sides of the holder. These blades are usually provided with three perforations as shown in Fig. 5, and, in practice, when these blades are stacked up for the hardening operation sheets or plates of copper:a.re interleaved between them, as described in my application Serial No. 174,739, filed September 26, 1903, for an imroved'method ofhardening and tempering,

the function of these copper plates being to make the sudden change of temperature which results from the chilling action of the cold liquid effective with suificient quickness over the entire area of the blades, instead of at their edges or rims only. [it intervals in this stack I 1 refer ,,to' locate steel plates Utt rection by the clamping hardness.

the blades, in order toprevent any possibility of curving action hereinafter described, or otherw1se. Said'copper"plates are provided wit-hperforations adapted to register with the end perforations in the blades, and the complete. stack is held in place in the holder 29 by means of steel pins 35 passed endwise through holes drilled in the end portions of said holder, through the perforations in the coppers, blades and plates 34, and into holes drilled through the central transverse partition 30 of the holder, as shown in Fig. at. It will be understood that these pins remain in place during the hardening operation and are driven out endwise when it is desired to remove the stacks. After theholder has been filled with blades and coiiperating parts as shown and described, each stack is compressed by means the blades in the same (Ell-l.

of a screw bolt 36 adapted to pass through a threaded perforation ormed 1n-the end portion of'the holder and to bear against one of the plates 34 which is preferably made to form the end plate .of the corresponding stack, and while the stacks are under com pression, Wedges 37, notched to receive the pins and bolts 36 as shown in Fig. 9, are driven into thespace opened by the action of the screw bolts-36 between the end plates 34 and the end portions of the holder, whereupon the screw. bolts 36 are removed.

The discharge openings at the outer ends of the channels'l2 are given a length corresponding to that of the exposed faces of the stacks in the holder 29, and the downward movement of the frame 14 is so limited that when in/its lowermost position, said exposed faces will be directly opposite said discharge openings respectively. .These openings are of such width as will deliver a suflicient volume of water to act simultaneously upon all portions of the holder and contained stacks,

or practically so.

In using my apparatus, as thus constructed, the holder 29 is filled with blades, cop pers and plates 34 as above described and the entire holder and its contents'are then heated, preferably out of conta t "with air or in a reducing atmosphere, to a suitable temporal are to produce the desired degree of This may be done by burying the holder and its contents in a quantity of carbonaceous material contained in a mu flie' and then heating the muffle. Assuming the tank 2 to be filled with water, the heated holder is then immediately placed in the movable frame 14 as shown in Fig. 5, whereupon the combined weight of the frame and the holder with its contents will overbalancethe counterweight l9 and cause said frame and holder to descend into the lowermost position of the frame, thus bringing the 'hot stacks between and directly opposite the dis- 6 having cons erably thickness than l charge openings above referred to. ,The

so i

- scribed, the combination of 1 the rod 24-, thus causing the valve Lip, whereupon the wear in t 1e tank down through. the pipe 7 and out i the channels 12, from which it rojer'tcd directly a gai not the holde coi'itents After the Water contained in the tanl-i en discharged through the channels Y9, described, the frame H is r: c shown in b2, the holder moved therefrom, the screw holts 36 at led in suiiiciently to enable the W'Hlg,

be withdrawn, the pins are dri I oi? the stacks, and thehlades and coppers :eu removed and separated f holder 29 may he made use of in drawing: the temper of the blades, if desir in which case the hardened blades may oc stacked up Withoutcoppers between them and secured in the holder ahrwe described which holder then immersed in as described in my pen-ding applicatimi. No. 174i,739, above referred to. When used for this purpose the holder-is preferi-ibly made of iron or steel rather than of copper.

The method or" hardening and temperi'nf involved in the stacking up of the blades as above described is not claimed herein, being claimed in my resaid pending application, No. 174,759, and while my apparatus is particularly intended for use in the practicine; of said methoch yet it is, notliniitl :l to such use nor to the particular construction herein shown and described.

I claim as my invention: v

1. In an apparatus of the character detank, a fluid supply pipe provided with a discharge open lug delivering in a fined patln means for controlling a flow of fluid through said open-- ing, a support to receive the work, and guidinc" means for securing a relative,n'iovon'ient oi said Work support and said supply pipe in paths which. coincide at certain intervals in their travel in an. apparatus of the charactei d2; scrihcd, the coml iizuition of a tank, a lluid eapolv pipe provided with a dise large opcu+ a lined path and located in for controlling delivering said ta 1;, means liquid throu 'h said opening. a uoValJle supa flow of port to .u 4 ethe u'oi'li' attertlie latter has been healed, and guiding means to positively (lll'ttf? the Work in a path. cmucident atinzcri'als with the path otl'he fluid discharged. '1. la amoaratus ct the character d :oihination ota tank, a ill'llfl .ded with a dis harge openn in a fixed path aud located in n'zeans. fol: controlling a flow of haid :1 '1 opening a n'iovahlc carrier me a ad to detaclmhly receive the work 1 to r l the latter been heated, and.

.7 is then; immediately operated to re and instantly chills the with its contenteis, a suitable tempering hath ably receive the Work been heated, and fixed Q'UHYltPS on which said A l l l l 1 l l l traine is mounted for controlling and directing it in a path coincident at intervals with the path of fluid'discliargcd. v

in. an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a tank and a fluid supply pipe leading into thesanic and provided with a (:lischarge opening within the tank which delivers in a fixed and vertical path, means for controlling a low of fluid through said opening, a movable rarrier frame adapted to detaclu'ihly receive the work after the latter has been heated, and fixed guides on which said frame is mounted for controlling and directing it in a tertical path coincident at intervals with the vertical path of fluid delivery.

(l. in an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a tank and a tluid supply pipe leading into the same and provided with a pair of opposed discharge openings located within the tank and discharging it in fixed paths means for con trolling a flow ot' fluid through said openings, a movable carrier frame adapted to detachahlv receive the Work after the latter lasbeen heated, and fixed guideson which said frame is mounted to control and direct it in a fixed litiil'iCDlllCiClQlllL at intervals with the path of fluid. deliveiy.

T. In an apparatus of the'cl'iaracter dcscribed the combination of two tank's lo cated one above the other, a pipe leading from the upper provided Within the latter tank with one or more discharge openings, a valve normally closing said pipe, means, tending to open said valvcfa latch for its closed position 'and a frame movable into and out of position in front of saiddischarge openings. p

in an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a tank, vertical guides located therein, a frame mounted to slide on said guides a nectcd to said same when eiii iltjv he rccei ed and dctachahly retained said frame 'th Weight of the irameand hohtlci" with its (onti'ents being suillcient to oven balance sud counterweight.

9. in an apparatus of the character lescribed the combination of a tank, a sup iiy in an a paratus of the charz'ictei" dc tank tothe lower tank and holding said valve in counterweight cona path coincident: at intervals with the path pipe leading into the same and provided within the tank with opposed discharge openings delivering in fixed vertical paths, means for regulating the flow of fluid through said openings, vertical guides located in said tank, a carrier frame mounted to slide on said guides in a path parallel and at intervals coincident with said fluid delivery paths into and out of position between said discharge openings, and adapted to detachably receive the work after the latter has been heated, and means for operating said frame. 10. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of a fluid supply pipe provided with channeled heads having opposed discharge openings which deliver fluid in fixed paths, means for controlling the flow of fluid through said openings, a carrier frame movable into and out of position between said openings, a holder independent of said carrier and formed to expose the opposite faces of its contents, and means for detachably securing said holder to said frame.

11. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of-a fluid supply pipe provided with channeled heads having opposed discharge openings which deliver fluid in fixed paths, means for controlling the flow of fluid through said openings, a holder" adapted to receive articles to be hardened and to expose the opposite faces thereof, and a carrier frame adapted to del tachably receive said holder and its contents after the same have been heated and guided to move the sameinto and out of position between said discharge openings.

12. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination of two tanks one located above another, a pipe leading from the upper tank to the lower tank and terminating within the latter in two opposed discharge openings which deliver fluid in fixed. paths, means for controlling the delivery of fluid from the upper tank through said openings, a holder adaptedto receive articles to be hardened and a carrier frame'adapted to detachably receive said holder and its contents after the same have been heated and ided to move the same into and out of position between said discharge openings.

13. In an apparatus of the character de scribed, the combination with an independ- 5 -ent and separable holder adapted to receive'articles to be heated, a movable carrier .frame. and means for detachably securing said holder to the frame after the holder and its contents have been heated, of means for subjecting the articles contained in said holder to the action of a chilling fluid.

14. In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a frame, a holder adapted to enter the same and formed to expose articles contained therein on op- 1 posite sides ofthe frame, and means for detachably securing the holder in said frame after the holder and its contents have'been heated, of means for subjecting the holder griddits contents to the action of a chilling 15.'In an apparatus of the character described, the combination with a tank and means for supplying fluid thereto, of a carrier frame adapted to be lowered into said tank, a holder 29, and catches for detachablv connecting said holder and frame.

16. In an apparatus of the character described. the combination of afluid supply pipe provided with two opposed discharge openings, means for controlling a flow of fluid through said openings, a holder adapted to receive a stack of thin sheet metal articles superimposed one upon another and to expose the collective edges thereof on opposite sides of said holder, and a carrier frame provided with means for detachably connecting said holder thereto, said frame being mounted to move the holder and its contents into and said discharge openings.

17. In an apparatus of the class described and in con'ibination, a holder adapted to receive the articles to be treated, a support to which said holder and the articles therein are detachablv secured, a fluid discharge head, mcansfor securing'a relative movement between said support and holder and said head, and guiding means to effect coincidence in the paths of movement of said relatively movable parts at intervals.

18. In an apparatus of the character described and in combination, a frame, a

- holder carried thereby and formed to expose the edges of articles contained thereln,

outof position between means for detachably securing said holder to said frame after the holder and its contents have been heated, and means for subjecting the holder and its contents to the action of a chilling fluid.

19. In an apparatus of the characterdescribed and in combination, a fluid discharge head adapted to deliver fluid in a fixed path, a frame, a holder carried thereby and formed to expose the edges of articles contained in saidholder, and frame to cause it to dent with the path said discharge head.

20. In an apparatus of the character described, and incombination, a frame, a holder adapted to be carried thereby and of fluid delivery from formed to receive a stack of thin sheet metal articles and expose the collective edges of the same at one side of the holder, and a fluid upon the means for discharging guides for the traverse a path coincif holder and the exposed edges of its contents after the saine have been heated and placed in the frame.

21. In an apparatus of the character described, and in combination, a holder I subscribed my name this ninth day of May, formed to receive a stack fif thilrll sheet naet-al 1904 articles so as to ex ose t e co ective e es of the same at one side of the holder, a nd W ILLIAM EMERY. NICKERSON" 5 means for discharging a fluid upon the Witnesses:

holder and the exposed edges of its contents. EQD; OHADWICK In testimony whereof, I have'hereunto A/NNA W.Co1mn1'r. 

